zed as S&E, and the salaries for these occupations are generally lower than for other S&E occupations. Salaries also differ across... S&E fields in recent years, women with S&E

Article counts refer to publications from a selection of conference proceedings and peer-reviewed journals in S&E fields from Scopus. Articles are classified by their year of publication and are assigned to a region, country, or economy on the basis of the institutional address(es) of the author(s... do not exist. EU = European Union; UK = United Kingdom. a The UK was a part of the EU for data purposes from 1973 to 2019. b Beginning in 2020, the UK was no longer... Serbia and Montenegro represented a single country for data purposes from 1992 to 2006. e West Bank

Data are not available for S&E-related fields for 1993–99.

U.S. S&E degrees at most degree levels (pre-COVID-19). Foreign students on temporary visas earn a substantial proportion of U.S. doctoral degrees in S&E fields such as engineering, computer sciences, and economics. The global emphasis on building S&E capabilities is evident

As researchers and policymakers increasingly emphasize the need for expanding S&E capabilities in the United States, demographic groups that are not as represented in S&E as they are in the general population may be seen as an under-utilized source of capacity building in S&E. This lower

S&E fields such as engineering, computer sciences, and economics. The global emphasis on building S&E capabilities is evident in international data: China has seen a rapid increase in its S&E degree... Data on degree awards, however, show that more foreign students continue to earn U.S. S&E