Underrepresented minorities include Blacks or African Americans, Hispanics or Latinos, and American Indians or Alaska Natives. Hispanic or Latino may be any race; race categories exclude Hispanic or Latino origin. Data are not available for all S&E-related fields for 1993–99.

The figures were 47% and 17%, respectively, among S&E degree recipients. Community... Many students do not take a linear path but rather move between... S&E doctoral degrees in 2020 reported having attended a community or 2-year

Indicators of labor market conditions (such as rates of unemployment and working involuntarily out of one’s degree field) and earnings provide meaningful information on economic rewards and the overall attractiveness of careers in S&E fields. This section suggests that labor market outcomes are

Table 39 ). A greater percentage of doctorate recipients in non-S&E fields (46%) reported graduate debt than those in S&E fields (26%) (NCSES SED 2020 : Table 38 and Table 39 ). Levels of debt also vary among S&E fields. For instance, a larger proportion of doctorate recipients in psychology

S&E first university degrees, and China awards the most S&E doctorates, followed closely... S&E first university... United States. India and China have increased S&E degree production more

Hispanics, and American Indians or Alaska Natives—are underrepresented in S&E. However, their total numbers in S&E occupations have increased. Foreign-born individuals account for a considerable... Workers employing S&E and technological expertise in their occupations experience better labor