Data include the employed, civilian, non-institutionalized population ages 16–75 and exclude those currently enrolled in primary or secondary school. Occupations were selected based on the percentage of S&E, S&E-related, or STEM middle-skill workers that belong to the STW. Non-STEM occupations are... S&E = science and engineering; STEM = science, technology, engineering, and mathematics.
May 30, 2024
Semiconductor article counts refer to publications algorithmically fingerprinted under semiconductors from conference proceedings and peer-reviewed journals in S&E fields in Scopus. Articles are classified by their year of publication and are assigned to a country on the basis of the institutional
July 23, 2025
AI article counts refer to publications from a selection of conference proceedings and peer-reviewed journals in S&E fields from Scopus that were classified as AI in the All Science Journal Classification. Articles are classified by their year of publication and are assigned to a country on
December 11, 2023
Flikkema M. 2020. Why and When Do Firms Trademark? Bridging Perspectives from Industrial... Innovation and New Technology 25(2):114–42. Grossman G, Helpman E. 1991. Innovation and Growth... National Science Foundation. 2020. Higher Education in Science and Engineering. NSB-2019-7. Alexandria, VA. Available
March 08, 2022
The scale for NAEP mathematics assessment scores is 0–500 for grade 4 and grade 8. In 2024, NAEP introduced a comprehensive measure of SES, an SES index, comprised of three components: (1) the student’s economically disadvantaged status, (2) the percentage of students eligible for the National... NAEP = National Assessment of Educational Progress; SES = socioeconomic status.
February 12, 2026
Title IV federal financial aid programs and do not match previously published
September 04, 2019
These do not represent all potential issues. Previous editions of Science and Engineering
May 15, 2020
S&E in 2018 were selected (see Table 5a-1). Countries are colored according to their main region
December 17, 2019
February 12, 2026
S&E = science and engineering; STEM = science, technology, engineering, and mathematics.... Numbers and percentages may not sum due to rounding. Non-S&E occupations includes STEM middle-skill and non-STEM occupations.
May 30, 2024
Abramitzky R, Boustan L. 2017. Immigration in American Economic History . Journal of E conomic L... Underrepresented Minority Women in STEM Faculty. Journal of Women and Minorities in Science and Engineering 21(2... What I s I nflation and H ow D oes the Federal Reserve E valuate C hanges in the R ate of I nflation
August 31, 2021
Figure PPS-7). Although most Americans see value in STEM education, they typically do... Science and Engineering ”).
February 14, 2024