Figure 6-12 and Table S6-19). In contrast, exports data for China and the United States do not include

Learning by doing is a way for innovation to occur through practical activities. By allowing individuals to participate in organized science activity, knowledge is transferred to the lay public to use. Citizen science is a form of open collaboration in which individuals or organizations participate

Figure RD-6). Many other countries also perform R&D but do so at a comparatively much smaller scale

do so

S&E education. Across degree levels, S&E fields continue to grow. However, many groups of Americans are still underrepresented among S&E degree recipients. The United States remains a top destination for foreign students, especially in S&E fields

do so (Table K12-5). However, the same proportion

do not possess

do research at least once a week. It was less common for students to use computers for other

Figure INV-14). Thus, the data described in preceding sections do

In addition to providing scale scores, the main NAEP also reports student performance in terms of achievement levels. The assessment’s three achievement levels—NAEP Basic, NAEP Proficient, and NAEP Advanced—are measures of what students should know and be able to do at each grade level. Unlike NAEP

do not present or discuss scientific data, theories, methods