Percentages may not add to 100% because of rounding. See Table SPPS-7 for standard errors. Table displays data for years when the question was proffered. Responses are to the following: Science makes our way of life change too fast. Do you strongly agree, agree, disagree, or strongly disagree?

The absolute numbers on which the percentages in this figure are based can be found in the original data source. Before 2003, higher education R&D covered only S&E fields; in 2003 and later years, R&D in non-S&E fields is also included. In 1998 and later years, the higher education R&D data have

The absolute numbers on which the percentages in this figure are based can be found in the original data source. Before 2003, higher education R&D covered only S&E fields; in 2003 and later years, R&D in non-S&E fields is also included. In 1998 and later years, the higher education R&D data have

The absolute numbers on which the percentages in this figure are based can be found in the original data source, linked to from the text. Before 2003, higher education R&D covered only S&E fields; in 2003 and later years, R&D in non-S&E fields is also included. In 1998 and later years, the higher

The absolute numbers on which the percentages in this figure are based can be found in the original data source, linked to from the text. Before 2003, higher education R&D covered only S&E fields; in 2003 and later years, R&D in non-S&E fields is also included. In 1998 and later years, the higher

In 2024, NAEP developed a composite measure of socioeconomic status (SES), an SES index. Refer to Figure TAL-15 for data on the composite SES. e From 1996 to 2024, students

Industry classification is based on the dominant business code from the North American Industry Classification System for domestic R&D performance, when available. For companies that did not report business codes, the classification used for sampling was assigned. Data do not include companies

Statistics for the number of companies are based only on companies in the United States responding "Yes" to at least one of the items on the survey relating to new or significantly improved products regardless of whether the company performed or funded R&D. These statistics do not include

S&E doctorates include science, engineering, and health PhD candidates at U.S. research doctorate institutions. Population estimates are based on the 2013 Survey of Doctorate Recipients.

S&E doctorates include science, engineering, and health PhD candidates at U.S. research doctorate institutions. Population estimates are based on the 2013 Survey of Doctorate Recipients.

R&D and Innovation Survey and do not include companies with fewer than 5 domestic employees. Data for 2017–18... Enterprise Research and Development Survey; both surveys do not include companies with fewer than 10