Engineering technologies are more focused on applied skills than on fundamental science and mathematics. Data are based on degree-granting institutions eligible to participate in Title IV federal financial aid programs and do not match previously published data from

The countries or economies are ranked based on the 2023 total. Article counts refer to publications from conference proceedings and peer-reviewed journal articles in S&E and indexed in Scopus (see "Technical Appendix" for more details). Articles are classified by their year of publication and are

Data are based on degree-granting institutions eligible to participate in Title IV federal financial aid programs and do not match previously published data from Science and Engineering Indicators 2008 and earlier years that were based on accredited higher education institutions.

One Carnegie credit is defined as 120 hours of class instruction over the course of a secondary school year. Advanced mathematics covers courses in algebra II, trigonometry, precalculus and analysis, probability and statistics, and calculus. Advanced science and engineering covers courses

For-profit academic institutions are not large producers of S&E degrees (Figure 2-1). The S&E degrees they award cluster in a few fields: 75% of S&E bachelor’s degrees awarded by for-profits in 2017 were... S&E degrees were in psychology, medical sciences, or political science and public

Article counts refer to publications from a selection of peer-reviewed journals and conference proceedings in S&E fields from Scopus. Articles are classified by their year of publication and are assigned to a region, country, or economy on the basis of the institutional address(es) of the author(s

Article counts refer to publications from a selection of journals and conference proceedings in S&E from Scopus. Articles are classified by their year of publication and are assigned to a region, country, or economy on the basis of the institutional address(es) of the author(s) listed

The regions, countries, or economies are ranked based on the 2022 total. Article counts refer to publications from conference proceedings and peer-reviewed journal articles in S&E and indexed in Scopus (see Technical Appendix for more details). Articles are classified by their year of publication