Self-support includes any loans (including federal) and support from personal or family financial contributions. Total for All S&E includes health fields. Earth and physical sciences includes physical sciences plus geosciences, atmospheric sciences, and ocean sciences.

S&E occupations and S&E-related occupations (see Glossary section for definitions of S&E occupations and S&E-related occupations). Of the 8.6 million STEM workers in S&E occupations... S&E skills in their jobs rather than defining the workforce mostly based

S&E = science and engineering; STEM = science, technology, engineering, and mathematics.

S&E highest degree field, S&E occupations in field include individuals who report being in an occupation in the same broad category as their highest degree, and S&E occupations out of field include... For example, for highest degree holders in computer and mathematical sciences, S&E occupations in field

Article counts refer to publications from selected journals and conference papers in S&E from Scopus. Articles are classified by their year of publication and are assigned to a region, country, or economy on the basis of the institutional address(es) of author(s) listed in the article. Articles are... e West Bank and Gaza Strip are separate entities in this list

Article counts refer to publications from selected journals and conference papers in S&E from Scopus. Articles are classified by their year of publication and are assigned to a region, country, or economy on the basis of the institutional address(es) of author(s) listed in the article. Articles are... e West Bank and Gaza Strip are separate entities

S&E = science and engineering.