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Academic R&D as a percentage of U.S. R&D, by type of R&D: 1953–2021
The absolute numbers on which the percentages in this figure are based can be found in the original data source. Before 2003, higher education R&D covered only S&E fields; in 2003 and later years, R&D in non-S&E fields is also included. In 1998 and later years, the higher education R&D data have
October 05, 2023
Self-reported understanding of the term "scientific study": 1979–2018
Responses are to the following: When you read or hear the term scientific study, do you have a clear understanding of what it means, a general sense of what it means, or little understanding of what it means? Percentages may not add to 100% because of rounding.
May 15, 2020
Other Countries and Economies
September 04, 2019
OECD Data Quality Notes
September 04, 2019
An official website of the United States government
