This indicator represents the extent to which a state’s higher education programs in S&E are focused on producing individuals with the highest level of technical expertise. S&E fields include agricultural sciences and natural resources; biological and biomedical sciences; computer and information sciences; engineering; geosciences, atmospheric sciences, and ocean sciences; mathematics and statistics; multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary sciences; physical sciences; psychology; and social sciences. At the doctoral level only, health sciences are also included in S&E fields of study. Total S&E degrees conferred include bachelor’s, master’s, and doctoral degrees but exclude associate’s degrees.