Corresponding data tables in earlier editions of S cience and E ngineering Indicators (e.g., the 2014

This report utilizes data from the Scopus database of global S&E publications, which is an abstract and citation database of peer-reviewed journal articles and conference papers. The report presents the distribution of research publications across multiple dimensions, including by country

S&E fields and the general U.S. economy have long included and benefited from the contributions of foreign-born workers (Abramitzky and Boustan 2017; Kerr and Kerr 2017; Khanna and Lee 2020; Rovito, Kaushik, and Aggarwal 2021). Additionally, NSB’s Vision 2030 report recognizes the importance

European Patent Office. 1998. Guidelines for Patent Examination. https://www.epo.org/law-practice/legal-texts/html/guidelines/e/g_ii_5_4_1.htm . Accessed 3 November 2019. International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV). 2019. Plant Variety Protection Statistics . https

Consistent with the overall pattern, academic R&D funding across broad S&E fields (with the exception

S&E field (Figure URD-15). For example, HHS supported most academic R&D in life sciences, psychology

Most academic R&D is performed by a small percentage of U.S. higher education institutions. Out of approximately 4,400 postsecondary degree-granting institutions in the United States (as reported in the forthcoming Indicators 20 22 report "Higher Education in Science and Engineering"), fewer

Arora, Belenzon, and Sheer 2021; Arora et al. 2023). See the section Output by Geography, S&E Field

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development PISA : Program for International Student Assessment SES: socioeconomic status STEM

Articles were categorized by S&E fields corresponding to the 14 fields of science in the NCSES Taxonomy of Disciplines (TOD) (Science-Metrix 2025). This categorization first assigns the journal to one of the 176 subfields in the Science-Metrix classification and then to the TOD. This approach works

This report examines R&D performed by U.S. higher education institutions. It discusses funding by source and S&E field for R&D activities and equipment and provides information on research space. Academic R&D has grown every year since 1975 and remains focused on basic research. Most of it