This report utilizes data from the Scopus database of global S&E publications, which is an abstract and citation database of peer-reviewed journal articles and conference papers. The report presents the distribution of research publications across multiple dimensions, including by country

S&E fields and the general U.S. economy have long included and benefited from the contributions of foreign-born workers (Abramitzky and Boustan 2017; Kerr and Kerr 2017; Khanna and Lee 2020; Rovito, Kaushik, and Aggarwal 2021). Additionally, NSB’s Vision 2030 report recognizes the importance

Detail may not add to total because of rounding or minor discrepancies. World exports do

European Patent Office. 1998. Guidelines for Patent Examination. https://www.epo.org/law-practice/legal-texts/html/guidelines/e/g_ii_5_4_1.htm . Accessed 3 November 2019. International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV). 2019. Plant Variety Protection Statistics . https

Consistent with the overall pattern, academic R&D funding across broad S&E fields (with the exception

S&E field (Figure URD-15). For example, HHS supported most academic R&D in life sciences, psychology

Most academic R&D is performed by a small percentage of U.S. higher education institutions. Out of approximately 4,400 postsecondary degree-granting institutions in the United States (as reported in the forthcoming Indicators 20 22 report "Higher Education in Science and Engineering"), fewer

Arora, Belenzon, and Sheer 2021; Arora et al. 2023). See the section Output by Geography, S&E Field

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development PISA : Program for International Student Assessment SES: socioeconomic status STEM

Articles were categorized by S&E fields corresponding to the 14 fields of science in the NCSES Taxonomy of Disciplines (TOD) (Science-Metrix 2025). This categorization first assigns the journal to one of the 176 subfields in the Science-Metrix classification and then to the TOD. This approach works

This report examines R&D performed by U.S. higher education institutions. It discusses funding by source and S&E field for R&D activities and equipment and provides information on research space. Academic R&D has grown every year since 1975 and remains focused on basic research. Most of it