Article counts refer to publications from selected journals and conference papers in S&E from Scopus. Articles are classified by their year of publication and are assigned to a region, country, or economy on the basis of the institutional address(es) of author(s) listed in the article. Articles are... e West Bank and Gaza Strip are separate entities in this list

Percentages are based on all respondents, including those who did not report sex. Percentages may not sum to 100% due to rounding. In 2023, 0.1% of geosciences, atmospheric, and ocean sciences degree recipients did not report sex. The survey data collection for field of study changed in 2021, which

Article counts refer to publications from selected journals and conference papers in S&E from Scopus. Articles are classified by their year of publication and are assigned to a region, country, or economy on the basis of the institutional address(es) of author(s) listed in the article. Articles are... e West Bank and Gaza Strip are separate entities

Scientists and engineers include those with one or more S&E or S&E-related degrees at the bachelor's level or higher and those who have only a non-S&E degree at the bachelor's level or higher and are employed in an S&E or S&E-related occupation. Detail may not add to total because of rounding

Article counts refer to publications from selected journals and conference papers in S&E from Scopus. Articles are classified by their year of publication and are assigned to a region, country, or economy on the basis of the institutional address(es) of author(s) listed in the article. Articles are... e West Bank and Gaza Strip are separate entities

Scientists and engineers include those with one or more S&E or S&E-related degrees at the bachelor's level or higher or those who have only a non-S&E degree at the bachelor's level or higher and are employed in an S&E or S&E-related occupation. Detail may not add to total because of rounding

Articles refer to publications from a selection of conference proceedings and peer-reviewed journals in S&E fields from Scopus. Articles are classified by their year of publication. OA types are... Summing all OA and closed-access article counts results in a smaller number of articles than for all S&E

Master’s-level data are based on institutions eligible to participate in Title IV federal financial aid programs. Health sciences are classified in S&E only at the doctoral level. Doctoral-level data correspond to research doctorates as collected in the Survey of Earned Doctorates (SED). The SED