SCIENCE & ENGINEERING INDICATORS

Arora A, Cohen W, Walsh J. 2016. The Acquisition and Commercialization of Invention in American Manufacturing: Incidence and Impact. Research Policy 45:1113–28.

AUTM. 2018. 2017 Licensing Activity Survey. Available at www.autm.net/STATT. Accessed 15 August 2019.

Blair MM, Wallman SMH, editors. 2001. Unseen Wealth: Report of the Brookings Task Force on Intangibles. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press.

Branscomb LM, Auerswald PE. 2002. Between Invention and Innovation: An Analysis of Funding for Early-Stage Technology Development. NIST GCR 02-841. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Commerce, Technology Administration, National Institute of Standards and Technology. Available at https://www.nist.gov/document/gcr02-841pdf. Accessed 2 November 2019.

Choudry V, Ponzio T. 2019. Modernizing Federal Technology Transfer Metrics. Journal of Technology Transfer, January 2019. Available at https://doi.org/10.1007/s10961-018-09713-w. Accessed 9 December 2019.

Cohen W, Nelson R, Walsh J. 2000. Protecting Their Intellectual Assets: Appropriability Conditions and Why U.S. Manufacturing Firms Patent (or Not). Working Paper No. 7552. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research.

Cutler DM, McClellan M. 2001. Is Technological Change in Medicine Worth It? Health Affairs 20(5):11–29.

de Rassenfosse G, Dernis H, Guellec D, Picci L, van Pottelsberghe de la Potterie B. 2012. The Worldwide Count of Priority Patents: A New Indicator of Inventive Activity. Research Policy 42(3):720–37.

Deaton A. 2013. The Great Escape: Health, Wealth, and the Origins of Inequality. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

Dwoskin E. 2016. China is Flooding Silicon Valley with Cash. Here’s What Can Go Wrong. Washington Post 16 August. Available at https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/economy/new-wave-of-chinese-start-up-investments-comes-with-complications/2016/08/05/2051db0e-505d-11e6-aa14-e0c1087f7583_story.html?utm_term=.09464966f12f. Accessed 2 November 2019.

Ernst D. 2013. Standards, Innovation, and Latecomer Economic Development—A Conceptual Framework. East-West Working Papers, Economic Series, No. 134. Honolulu, HI: East-West Center. Available at https://www.eastwestcenter.org/publications/standards-innovation-and-latecomer-economic-development%E2%80%94-conceptual-framework. Accessed 1 October 2019.

Fink C, Khan M, Zhou H. 2015. Exploring the Worldwide Patent Surge. Economics of Innovation and New Technology 25(2):114–42.

Gao G, Hitt LM. 2012. Information Technology and Trademarks: Implications for Product Variety. Management Science 58(6):1211–26.

Gordon R. 2016. The Rise and Fall of American Growth: The U.S. Standard of Living Since the Civil War. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

Gravelle JG. 2010. Tax Havens: International Tax Avoidance and Evasion. Congressional Research Service Report for Congress 7-5700. Available at https://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R40623.pdf. Accessed 2 November 2019.

Inaba T, Squicciarini M. 2017. ICT: A New Taxonomy Based on the International Patent Classification. OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers, No. 2017/01. Paris: OECD Publishing. Available at https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/science-and-technology/ict-a-new-taxonomy-based-on-the-international-patent-classification_ab16c396-en. Accessed 16 August 2019.

Katz JS, Martin B. 1997. What Is Research Collaboration? Research Policy 26(1):1–18.

Mutti JH, Grubert H. 2007. The Effect of Taxes on Royalties and the Migration of Intangible Assets Abroad. NBER Working Paper 13248. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research. Available at https://www.nber.org/papers/w13248. Accessed 2 November 2019.

National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics (NCSES), National Science Foundation. 2018. Business R&D and Innovation: 2015. Detailed Statistical Tables NSF 18-308. Alexandria, VA. Available at https://www.nsf.gov/ncses/nsf18313/. Accessed 8 December 2019.

National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics (NCSES), National Science Foundation. 2020. National Patterns of R&D Resources: 2017–18 Data Update. Detailed Statistical Tables NSF 20-307. Alexandria, VA. Available at https://ncses.nsf.gov/pubs/nsf20307/.  Accessed 10 January 2020.

National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). 2012. Federal Laboratory Technology Transfer, Fiscal Year 2010. Summary Report to the President and the Congress. Gaithersburg, MD: U.S. Department of Commerce. Available at https://www.nist.gov/document/fed-lab-ttfinal2010pdf. Accessed 11 January 2020.

National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). 2015. Federal Laboratory Technology Transfer, Fiscal Year 2013. Summary Report to the President and the Congress. Gaithersburg, MD: U.S. Department of Commerce. Available at https://www.nist.gov/document/fy2013fedtechtransfreportfinal-4jnpdf. Accessed 11 January 2020.

National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). 2019. Federal Laboratory Technology Transfer, Fiscal Year 2016. Summary Report to the President and the Congress. Gaithersburg, MD: U.S. Department of Commerce. Available at https://www.nist.gov/system/files/documents/2019/10/30/fy2016_fed_lab_tech_transfer_rept_fina_9-10-19.pdf. Accessed 8 December 2019.

National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), U.S. Department of Commerce, Federal Lab Technology Transfer Database v.2015. Available at https://www.nist.gov/document/federallabttdatabasev2015xlsx. Accessed 10 January 2020​.

National Science Board, National Science Foundation. 2018. Science and Engineering Indicators 2018. NSB-2018-1. Alexandria, VA. Available at https://www.nsf.gov/statistics/2018/nsb20181/report/sections/invention-knowledge-transfer-and-innovation/invention-united-states-and-comparative-global-trends. Accessed 9 December 2019.

National Science Board, National Science Foundation. 2020. Research and Development: U.S. Trends and International Comparisons. Science and Engineering Indicators 2020. NSB-2020-3. Alexandria, VA. Available at https://ncses.nsf.gov/pubs/nsb20203.

National Science Board, National Science Foundation. 2020. Production and Trade of Knowledge- and Technology-Intensive Industries. Science and Engineering Indicators 2020. NSB-2020-5. Alexandria, VA. Available at https://ncses.nsf.gov/pubs/nsb20205.

National Science Board, National Science Foundation. 2020. Publication Output: U.S. Trends and International Comparisons. Science and Engineering Indicators 2020. NSB-2020-6. Alexandria, VA. Available at https://ncses.nsf.gov/pubs/nsb20206.

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). 2014. Science, Technology and Industry Outlook 2014. Paris: OECD Publishing. Available at https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/science-and-technology/oecd-science-technology-and-industry-outlook-2014_sti_outlook-2014-en. Accessed 16 August 2019.

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). 2016. G20 Innovation Report 2016. Paris: OECD Publishing. Available at https://www.oecd.org/china/G20-innovation-report-2016.pdf. Accessed 16 August 2019.

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). 2017a. OECD Compendium of Productivity Indicators 2017. Paris: OECD Publishing. https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/economics/oecd-compendium-of-productivity-indicators-2017_pdtvy-2017-en. Accessed 16 August 2019.

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). 2017b. OECD Digital Economy Outlook 2017. Paris: OECD Publishing.

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), Eurostat. 2005. Oslo Manual: Guidelines for Collecting, Reporting and Using Innovation Data. 3rd ed. Paris: OECD Publishing; Luxembourg: Eurostat.

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), Eurostat. 2018. Oslo Manual 2018: Guidelines for Collecting, Reporting and Using Innovation Data. 4th ed. Paris: OECD Publishing; Luxembourg: Eurostat.

PitchBook Data, Inc., National Venture Capital Association (NVCA). 2019. Venture Monitor 4Q 2018. Seattle, WA: PitchBook Data, Inc. Available at https://pitchbook.com/news/reports/4q-2018-pitchbook-nvca-venture-monitor. Accessed 14 March 2019.

Shneiderman B. 2018. Twin-Win Model: A Human-Centered Approach to Research Success. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115(50):12590–94. Available at https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1802918115. Accessed 8 December 2019.

Soloveichik R, Wasshausen D. 2013. Copyright-Protected Assets in the National Accounts. Washington, DC: Bureau of Economic Analysis. Available at https://sites.nationalacademies.org/cs/groups/pgasite/documents/webpage/pga_063401.pdf. Accessed 16 August 2019.

U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO). 2002. The U.S. Patent System Celebrates 212 Years. Press Release #02-26. Alexandria, VA. Available at https://www.uspto.gov/about-us/news-updates/us-patent-system-celebrates-212-years. Accessed 10 June 2019.

U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO). 2015. General Information Concerning Patents. Available at https://www.uspto.gov/patents-getting-started/general-information-concerning-patents#heading-31. Accessed 3 November 2019.

U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO). 2018. Section 1502: Definition of a Design. In Manual of Patent Examining Procedure (MPEP). 9th ed., Revision 08.2017. Alexandria, VA. Available at https://www.uspto.gov/web/offices/pac/mpep/s1502.html#d0e150263. Accessed 15 August 2019.

U.S. Small Business Administration (SBA). 2015. About SBIR. Available at https://www.sbir.gov/about/about-sbir. Accessed 26 October 2019.

World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO). 2019. World Intellectual Property Indicators 2019. Available at https://www.wipo.int/edocs/pubdocs/en/wipo_pub_941_2019.pdf. Accessed 2 October 2019.

World Trade Organization (WTO). 2016. Composition, Definitions & Methodology. In World Trade Statistical Review 2016, pp. 70–87. Available at https://www.wto.org/english/res_e/statis_e/wts2016_e/WTO_Chapter_08_e.pdf. Accessed 16 August 2019.