Consistent with the overall pattern, academic R&D funding across broad S&E fields (with the exception

European Patent Office. 1998. Guidelines for Patent Examination. https://www.epo.org/law-practice/legal-texts/html/guidelines/e/g_ii_5_4_1.htm . Accessed 3 November 2019. International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV). 2019. Plant Variety Protection Statistics . https

S&E fields and the general U.S. economy have long included and benefited from the contributions of foreign-born workers (Abramitzky and Boustan 2017; Kerr and Kerr 2017; Khanna and Lee 2020; Rovito, Kaushik, and Aggarwal 2021). Additionally, NSB’s Vision 2030 report recognizes the importance

This report utilizes data from the Scopus database of global S&E publications, which is an abstract and citation database of peer-reviewed journal articles and conference papers. The report presents the distribution of research publications across multiple dimensions, including by country

Corresponding data tables in earlier editions of S cience and E ngineering Indicators (e.g., the 2014

Committee on National Science and Engineering Policy for overseeing preparation of the volume

The federal government supported more than half (51%, or 32,429) of S&E postdocs in 2021 (NCSES GSS 2021 : Table 3-2 ). Research grants and contracts continue to be the primary mechanisms the federal government uses to fund postdocs . Among postdocs primarily funded by the federal government

The federal government supported half (49%, around 32,500) of S&E postdocs in 2019 (NCSES GSS 2019 : Table 3-2 ). The largest numbers of federally supported postdocs were in biological and biomedical sciences (12,000), clinical medicine (7,500), and earth and physical sciences (5,000). These fields

Accessed 14 March 2019. Shoham Y, Perrault R, Brynjolfsson E

S&E education is smaller than their representation in the U.S. population

S&E in 2021 (NCSES SED 2021 : Table 1-2 ) and enrolled more than 81% of doctoral