Accessed 24 February 2020. Leiserowitz A, Maibach E, Rosenthal S, Kotcher... Accessed 17 May 2019. Plutzer E. 2013. The Racial Gap in Confidence in Science: Explanations... Depends on the Question Wording. Public Opinion Quarterly 75(1):115–24. Shearer E, Gottfried J. 2017

Citations of S&E publications by other S&E publications provide an indication of the impact of publications and of the flow... Fractional counting: Method of counting S&E publications in which credit for coauthored

U.S. and global science and engineering (S&E) enterprise in this report... USPTO patent applications to S&E literature in 2020. Furthermore

Citations: Citations, generally at the end of each article, provide researchers with the list of the prior research relied on for the article. Citations of S&E publications by other S&E publications... S&E publications in which credit for coauthored publications is divided among the collaborating

Citations: Citations, generally at the end of each article, provide researchers with the list of the prior research relied on for the article. Citations of S&E publications by other S&E publications... EU-27 and United Kingdom.” Fractional counting: A method of counting S&E publications

Articles refer to publications from a selection of conference proceedings and peer-reviewed journals in S&E fields from Scopus. Articles are classified by their year of publication and are assigned to a region, country, or economy on the basis of the institutional address(es) of the author(s

Articles refer to publications from a selection of journals and conference proceedings in S&E from Scopus. Articles are classified by their year of publication and are assigned to a region, country, or economy on the basis of the institutional address(es) of the author(s) listed in the article

S&E fields from Scopus that were classified as AI in the All

Articles refer to publications from a selection of journals and conference proceedings in S&E from Scopus. Articles are classified by their year of publication and are assigned to a region, country, or economy on the basis of the institutional address(es) of the author(s) listed in the article

S&E fields in Scopus. Whole counting is used in the network analysis.

Value added is the amount contributed by a country, an industry, or other entity to the value of a good or service and excludes purchases of domestic and imported materials and inputs. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. The world total and regional totals do not include all countries