Various nonfederal domestic sources, including businesses and nonprofits, supported around 4% of S&E graduate students in 2021, including about 2% of master’s students (4,908) and 6% of doctoral... S&E postdocs (9,537) and between 10% and 21% of postdocs across

NCSES HERD 2018 : Table 12 ). Life sciences and engineering ($12.4 billion, or 16%) together... Consistent with the overall pattern, academic R&D funding across most broad S&E fields comes

S&E: science and engineering TOD: Taxonomy of Disciplines

Public Use Microdata Area PUMS: Public Use Microdata Sample R&D: research and development S&E: science and engineering SDR: Survey of Doctorate Recipients SED: Survey of Earned Doctorates SEH

S&E research space: biological and biomedical sciences and engineering

S&E research space: biological and biomedical sciences and engineering

Councils of the United Kingdom S&E: science and engineering SDR: NCSES Survey of Doctorate Recipients

R&D: research and experimental development S&E: science and engineering

National Science Foundation R&D: research and development S&E: science and engineering USDA: Department of Agriculture

Assessment S&E: science and engineering STEM: science, technology, engineering, and mathematics TIMSS

Registered nurses were 25% of all S&E-related occupations, software developers were 20% of all S&E occupations, and miscellaneous production workers were 9% of all STEM middle-skill