SCIENCE & ENGINEERING INDICATORS
The State of U.S. Science and Engineering 2022

Data

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Data Sources

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Figure 1 Average scores of 15-year-old students on the PISA mathematics and science literacy scales, by OECD education system: 2018 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Program for International Student Assessment
Figure 2 Average scores of U.S. students in grade 8 on the NAEP mathematics assessment, by race or ethnicity: 2000–19 National Center for Education Statistics National Assessment of Educational Progress
Figure 3 Public middle and high school mathematics and science teachers with 3 years or less of teaching experience, by selected school characteristics: 2017–18 National Center for Education Statistics National Teacher and Principal Survey
Figure 4 Representation of race or ethnicity in the U.S. population and among S&E degree recipients: 2019 National Center for Education Statistics Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), Completions Survey
Figure 4 Representation of race or ethnicity in the U.S. population and among S&E degree recipients: 2019 U.S. Census Bureau Population Estimates Program
Figure 5 S&E doctoral degrees, by selected countries: 2000–18 Eurostat Education and training database
Figure 5 S&E doctoral degrees, by selected countries: 2000–18 Government of India, Ministry of Education, Department of Higher Education All India Survey on Higher Education
Figure 5 S&E doctoral degrees, by selected countries: 2000–18 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (Japan) Survey of Education
Figure 5 S&E doctoral degrees, by selected countries: 2000–18 Ministry of Education, People's Republic of China Higher Education Data
Figure 5 S&E doctoral degrees, by selected countries: 2000–18 National Bureau of Statistics of China China Statistical Yearbook
Figure 5 S&E doctoral degrees, by selected countries: 2000–18 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Education at a Glance
Figure 6 International students in S&E enrolled at U.S. higher education institutions, by academic level: 2012–20 U.S. Department of Homeland Security, U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement Student and Exchange Visitor Information System (SEVIS)
Figure 7 Confidence in scientists to act in the best interests of the public, by education level of respondents: 2020 Pew Research Center American Trends Panel
Figure 8 U.S. workforce, by STEM occupational group and education level: 2019 U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey
Figure 9 High concentration of STEM workers, by state: 2019 U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey
Figure 10 Demographic composition of the STEM workforce: 2010 and 2019 U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey
Figure 11 Foreign-born workers with a bachelor's degree or higher, by highest degree level and major occupation: 2019 National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics National Survey of College Graduates
Figure 12 Gross domestic expenditures on R&D, by selected country: 2000–19 National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics National Patterns of R&D Resources
Figure 12 Gross domestic expenditures on R&D, by selected country: 2000–19 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Main Science and Technology Indicators
Figure 12 Gross domestic expenditures on R&D, by selected country: 2000–19 UNESCO Institute for Statistics UIS.Stat database
Figure 13 Contributions to growth of worldwide R&D expenditures, by selected region, country, or economy: 2000–19 National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics National Patterns of R&D Resources
Figure 13 Contributions to growth of worldwide R&D expenditures, by selected region, country, or economy: 2000–19 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Main Science and Technology Indicators
Figure 13 Contributions to growth of worldwide R&D expenditures, by selected region, country, or economy: 2000–19 UNESCO Institute for Statistics UIS.Stat database
Figure 14 Shares of worldwide R&D expenditures, by selected region, country, or economy: 2000, 2010, and 2019 National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics National Patterns of R&D Resources
Figure 14 Shares of worldwide R&D expenditures, by selected region, country, or economy: 2000, 2010, and 2019 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Main Science and Technology Indicators
Figure 14 Shares of worldwide R&D expenditures, by selected region, country, or economy: 2000, 2010, and 2019 UNESCO Institute for Statistics UIS.Stat database
Figure 15 R&D intensity, by selected country: 2000 and 2019 National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics National Patterns of R&D Resources
Figure 15 R&D intensity, by selected country: 2000 and 2019 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Main Science and Technology Indicators
Figure 15 R&D intensity, by selected country: 2000 and 2019 UNESCO Institute for Statistics UIS.Stat database
Figure 16 U.S. R&D expenditures, by performing sector: 2000–19 National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics National Patterns of R&D Resources
Figure 17 U.S. R&D expenditures, by source of funds: 2000–19 National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics National Patterns of R&D Resources
Figure 18 U.S. R&D performance and funding, by type of R&D and sector: 2019 National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics National Patterns of R&D Resources
Figure 19 R&D performance funded by the federal government, by performing sector: 2010 and 2019 National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics National Patterns of R&D Resources
Figure 20 R&D performance funded by the federal government, by type of R&D: 2010 and 2019 National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics National Patterns of R&D Resources
Figure 21 Full-time doctoral students in S&E, by field and primary source of support: 2019 National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering
Figure 22 S&E articles, by selected region, country, or economy: 2000, 2010, and 2020 Elsevier Scopus
Figure 23 Highly cited article index, by selected country or economy: 2000, 2010, and 2018 Elsevier Scopus
Figure 24 International collaboration on S&E articles for the 15 largest producers of S&E articles, by country: 2020 Elsevier Scopus
Figure 25 Shares of international patents granted to inventors, by selected country or economy: 2010 and 2020 European Patent Office PATSTAT
Figure 26 Share of Patent Cooperation Treaty applications with at least one woman listed as inventor, by country: 2019 World Intellectual Property Organization Intellectual Property Statistics
Figure 27 Share of U.S. companies reporting product or process innovation, by selected industry: 2015–17 National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics Annual Business Survey
Figure 28 Output of KTI industries for selected region, country, or economy, by sector: 2010 and 2019 IHS Markit Comparative Industry Service
Figure 29 High concentration of motor vehicle manufacturing and information technology (IT) services output, by state: 2020 U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis GDP by State
Figure A Collaboration network on coronavirus-related articles, by country: 2020 Elsevier Scopus