This report examines R&D performed by U.S. higher education institutions. It discusses funding by source and S&E field for R&D activities and equipment and provides information on research space. It benchmarks the United States against other nations, and it looks at how academic R&D investments

In 2019, less than 1% of S&E graduate students were supported by foreign sources, including around 1,500 master’s students (0.6%) and 3,200 doctoral students (1.3%). Foreign sources funded less than 3% of students across degree levels and fields. They supported the most students in engineering

This report examines R&D performed by U.S. higher education institutions. It discusses funding by source and S&E field for R&D activities and equipment and provides information on research space. Academic R&D has grown every year since 1975 and remains focused on basic research. Most of it

Articles were categorized by S&E fields corresponding to the 14 fields of science in the NCSES Taxonomy of Disciplines (TOD) (Science-Metrix 2025). This categorization first assigns the journal to one of the 176 subfields in the Science-Metrix classification and then to the TOD. This approach works

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development PISA : Program for International Student Assessment SES: socioeconomic status STEM

Arora, Belenzon, and Sheer 2021; Arora et al. 2023). See the section Output by Geography, S&E Field

Most academic R&D is performed by a small percentage of U.S. higher education institutions. Out of approximately 4,400 postsecondary degree-granting institutions in the United States (as reported in the forthcoming Indicators 20 22 report "Higher Education in Science and Engineering"), fewer

S&E field (Figure URD-15). For example, HHS supported most academic R&D in life sciences, psychology

Consistent with the overall pattern, academic R&D funding across broad S&E fields (with the exception

European Patent Office. 1998. Guidelines for Patent Examination. https://www.epo.org/law-practice/legal-texts/html/guidelines/e/g_ii_5_4_1.htm . Accessed 3 November 2019. International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV). 2019. Plant Variety Protection Statistics . https

Detail may not add to total because of rounding or minor discrepancies. World exports do