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SCIENCE & ENGINEERING INDICATORS
The State of U.S. Science and Engineering 2024

Data

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Data Sources

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Figure 1 Average TIMSS mathematics and science scores of students in grade 8 among participating advanced economies: 2019 International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study
Figure 2 Average scores of U.S. students in grade 8 on the main NAEP mathematics assessment, by race or ethnicity: 2000–22 National Center for Education Statistics National Assessment of Educational Progress
Figure 3 Change in average student scores for 13-year-old students on the NAEP long-term trend mathematics assessment, by student characteristic: 2020–23 National Center for Education Statistics National Assessment of Educational Progress
Figure 4 Race or ethnicity in the U.S. population and among S&E certificate and degree recipients: 2021 National Center for Education Statistics Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), Completions Survey
Figure 4 Race or ethnicity in the U.S. population and among S&E certificate and degree recipients: 2021 U.S. Census Bureau Population Estimates Program
Figure 5 S&E doctoral degrees awarded, by selected country: 2011–20 Government of India, Ministry of Education, Department of Higher Education All India Survey on Higher Education
Figure 5 S&E doctoral degrees awarded, by selected country: 2011–20 Ministry of Education, People's Republic of China Higher Education Data
Figure 5 S&E doctoral degrees awarded, by selected country: 2011–20 National Bureau of Statistics of China China Statistical Yearbook
Figure 5 S&E doctoral degrees awarded, by selected country: 2011–20 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Education at a Glance
Figure 6 International S&E students on temporary visas enrolled in U.S. higher education institutions, by level of enrollment: 2012–22 U.S. Department of Homeland Security, U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement Student and Exchange Visitor Information System (SEVIS)
Figure 7 U.S. workforce, by STEM occupation group and education level: 2021 U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey
Figure 8 Employment in the STEM workforce, by state: 2021 U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey
Figure 9 Foreign-born share of workers with a bachelor's degree or higher, by highest degree level and occupation group: 2021 National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics National Survey of College Graduates
Figure 10 Respondents expressing confidence in scientists to act in the best interests of the public, by education level: 2016, 2020, and 2022 Pew Research Center American Trends Panel
Figure 11 Gross domestic expenditures on R&D, by selected country or economy: 2000–21 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Main Science and Technology Indicators
Figure 12 R&D intensity, by selected country or economy: 2000 and 2021 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Main Science and Technology Indicators
Figure 13 U.S. R&D expenditures, by performing sector: 2000–21 National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics National Patterns of R&D Resources
Figure 14 U.S. R&D expenditures, by source of funds: 2000–21 National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics National Patterns of R&D Resources
Figure 15 U.S. R&D performance and funding, by type of R&D and sector: 2021 National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics National Patterns of R&D Resources
Figure 16 U.S. R&D performance funded by the federal government of each type of R&D: 2011 and 2021 National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics National Patterns of R&D Resources
Figure 17 Full-time graduate students in S&E primarily supported by the federal government, by degree field and agency: 2021 National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering
Figure 18 S&E articles, by selected region, country, or economy: 2003–22 Elsevier Scopus
Figure 19 Highly cited article index, by selected country: 2003–20 Elsevier Scopus
Figure 20 S&E articles, by publication access type: 2003–22 Elsevier Scopus
Figure 21 Patent Cooperation Treaty applications, by selected region, country, or economy: 2000–22 European Patent Office European Patent Bibliographic Data (EBD)
Figure 22 USPTO utility patents granted to inventors per 1,000 residents, by U.S. county: 2022 U.S. Census Bureau Population Estimates Program
Figure 22 USPTO utility patents granted to inventors per 1,000 residents, by U.S. county: 2022 United States Patent and Trademark Office PatentsView
Figure 23 Inventors with female names on granted USPTO patents, by technology area and issue year: 2000–22 United States Patent and Trademark Office Bulk Data Storage System
Figure 24 U.S. companies reporting product innovation, by selected industry: 2018–20 National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics Annual Business Survey
Figure 25 Value-added output of KTI industries, by selected region, county, or economy and by sector: 2012 and 2021 S&P Global Comparative Industry Service
Figure 26 Share of global KTI manufacturing exports, by selected country or economy: 2002, 2012, and 2022 S&P Global Comparative Industry Service
Figure 27 Imported content share of U.S. gross exports, by exporting industry: 2007–21 U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis Global Value Chains
Figure A AI collaboration network, by country: 2003–22 Elsevier Scopus
Figure B USPTO utility patents granted in semiconductors, by country or economy: 2022 United States Patent and Trademark Office PatentsView
Table 1 Distribution of select racial and ethnic groups in the workforce, by occupational group: 2021 U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey