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U.S. Business Enterprise R&D Definition 1.174-2 Definition of research and development expenditures. (a) In general. (1) The term research or experimental expenditures , as used in section 174, means expenditures incurred in connection with the taxpayer’s trade or business which represent research and development costs in the experimen... May 19, 2022 ncses.nsf.gov/pubs/ncses22209 Reference Definitions of Research and Development: An Annotated Compilation of Official Sources | V. R&D in National Accounts and Globalization Manuals Definition 10.103 Intellectual property products include the results of research and development (R&D). Research and [experimental] development consists of the value of expenditures on creative work undertaken on a systematic basis in order to increase the stock of knowledge, including knowledge of man, cul... May 19, 2022 ncses.nsf.gov/pubs/ncses22209 Reference Definitions of Research and Development: An Annotated Compilation of Official Sources | II. U.S. Business Enterprise R&D Description The Annual Business Survey (ABS) is the primary source of information on R&D for nonfarm, for-profit businesses operating in the United States with one to nine employees. For businesses with one or more employees, ABS also collects data on innovation, technology, intellectual property, business o... May 19, 2022 ncses.nsf.gov/pubs/ncses22209 Analysis | Working Paper The Geography of Self-Reported Innovation: Results from the 2017 Annual Business Survey Defining Self-Reported Innovation Rates Until the 1990s, the measurement of innovation was largely limited to utility patents and expenditures on research and development. Recognition that utility patents are imperfect and incomplete measures of invention (much less of innovation) and that R&D expenditures are inputs to the innovation ... April 20, 2022 ncses.nsf.gov/pubs/ncses22206 Analysis | Working Paper Using Mechanical Turk in Study of Individual Innovation | Phase 2 Assessing the Prevalence and Characteristics of Innovators on MTurk Findings The survey included a definition of innovation, vignettes describing products to help clarify the definition of innovation, and screening questions about the nature of claimed innovations. Findings compare favorably to other similar studies. The estimated incidence of individual innovation in thi... March 31, 2022 ncses.nsf.gov/pubs/ncses22201 Data Tables | Data Tables (Individual) Using Mechanical Turk in Study of Individual Innovation | Phase 2 Assessing the Prevalence and Characteristics of Innovators on MTurk Intellectual property protection of innovation: 2019 Innovation is typically studied within businesses, but other sectors of the economy, such as governments and the household sector, can also undertake innovation activity. In order to fully understand innovation at the economy and society level, innovation must be understood beyond the business se... March 31, 2022 ncses.nsf.gov/pubs/ncses22201 Analysis | Reports Invention, Knowledge Transfer, and Innovation | Invention Indicators: Protecting Useful Ideas Characteristics of Patented Inventors Patenting activity is unevenly distributed among men and women, with men much more likely to be named as inventors on patents issued, according to recent analyses by the USPTO and WIPO. While the two analyses used different datasets and different measures of patenting and participation, both foun... March 08, 2022 ncses.nsf.gov/pubs/nsb20224 Data Tables | Data Tables (Individual) Invention, Knowledge Transfer, and Innovation | Supplemental Tables Citation of S&E articles in USPTO utility patents, by cited field, cited author country, and patent sector: 2013–20 Governments, academia, and business all contribute to the interrelated system of invention, knowledge transfer, and innovation. Patenting activities—an indicator of invention—are increasingly international, with middle-income countries increasing their share of patents granted worldwide. Trademar... March 08, 2022 ncses.nsf.gov/pubs/nsb20224 Analysis | Reports Invention, Knowledge Transfer, and Innovation Conclusion A dynamic system of innovation activities, including invention, the transfer of knowledge, and the introduction of new products and processes, generates outcomes that range from new modes of mobile communication to new vaccines to counter a pandemic. Historically, participation has tended to be l... March 08, 2022 ncses.nsf.gov/pubs/nsb20224 Analysis | Reports Invention, Knowledge Transfer, and Innovation | Invention Indicators: Protecting Useful Ideas Contributors to U.S. Patent Activity USPTO patent records provide industry, technology areas, and geographical inventor information for all patents registered in the United States, including patents granted to individuals and to foreign entities. More information on the patent data used in this report is available in the Technical A... March 08, 2022 ncses.nsf.gov/pubs/nsb20224 1 ⋯ 2 3 ⋯ 30 Next
