Analysis | InfoChart

U.S. R&D-to-GDP Ratio Reached 3.43% in 2022, Driven by Experimental Development

U.S. R&D-to-GDP Ratio Reached 3.43% in 2022, Driven by Experimental Development

experimental development, which increased as a percentage of GDP during that time from 1.67% to 2.31 … The share of experimental development reached 67 … Experimental Development . NSF 25-335. Alexandria, VA: U.S. National Science Foundation. Available

• July 08, 2025
• ncses.nsf.gov/pubs/nsf25335

Figure

Discovery: R&D Activity and Research Publications | Academic R&D

Federal and nonfederal funding of academic experimental development and applied research: FYs 2010–23

Federal data include funds from the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA). ARRA was an important source of federal expenditures for academic R&D during the economic downturn and recovery from 2010 to 2012 and continued to contribute to such spending, although in smaller amounts

• July 23, 2025
• ncses.nsf.gov/pubs/nsb20257

Figure

Federal Funding for Experimental Development in FY 2021 Was Concentrated in Engineering and Life Sciences

Federal obligations for basic research, applied research, and experimental development, by broad field of R&D: FY 2021

FY 2021 total federal obligations for experimental development totaled $103.9 billion, with 80%, or $82.6 billion, directed toward two fields of R&D: engineering and life sciences. Data are from the Survey of Federal Funds for Research and Development, conducted by the National Center for Science...

• January 16, 2024
• ncses.nsf.gov/pubs/nsf24314

Analysis | Reports

The State of U.S. Science and Engineering 2024 | Talent: U.S. and Global STEM Education and Labor Force

Americans’ Perceptions about Scientists

Americans’ degree of trust in scientists has remained high for decades, although it varies by level of education and has fluctuated in recent years. In 2022, 77% of adults in the United States expressed either “a great deal” or “a fair amount” of confidence in scientists to act in the best

• March 13, 2024
• ncses.nsf.gov/pubs/nsb20243

Analysis | InfoChart

Federal Funding for Experimental Development in FY 2021 Was Concentrated in Engineering and Life Sciences

Federal Funding for Experimental Development in FY 2021 Was Concentrated in Engineering and Life Sciences

In FY 2021, federal obligations for experimental development totaled $103.9 billion. Newly collected data from federal agencies on experimental development by field of research and development (R … R&D for basic research and applied research only. Experimental development is defined

• January 16, 2024
• ncses.nsf.gov/pubs/nsf24314

Data Tables | Data Tables (Individual)

Survey of Federal Science and Engineering Support to Universities, Colleges, and Nonprofit Institutions 2023 | Data Tables

Federal obligations for science and engineering to high-American Indian-enrollment institutions, ranked by total amount received, by agency: FY 2023

Native American students, according to fall 2022 enrollment … DOC = Department of Commerce; DOD = Department of Defense; DOI = Department of the Interior; EPA = Environmental Protection Agency; HAIE = high American Indian enrollment; HHS = Department of Health and Human Services; NASA = National Aeronautics and Space Administration; NSF

• June 02, 2025
• surveys/federal-support-survey/2023

Analysis | InfoBrief

FY 2022 Federal Science and Engineering Support to Selected Types of Minority-Serving Institutions

High-American Indian-Enrollment Institutions

In FY 2022, five institutions were designated as HAIEs, which in total received $99 million in federal obligations for S&E support (figure 3). Federal support to HAIEs for R&D totaled $91 million, or 92% of total federal S&E support to all HAIEs. FTTG support to HAIEs accounted for $4 million, or...

• July 22, 2024
• ncses.nsf.gov/pubs/nsf24331

Figure

U.S. R&D-to-GDP Ratio Reached 3.43% in 2022, Driven by Experimental Development

U.S. R&D expenditures, by type of R&D

The ratio of U.S. research and development (R&D) to gross domestic product (GDP) reached 3.43% in 2022. An increase in the R&D-to-GDP ratio from 2010 to 2022 can primarily be attributed to experimental development, which comprised 67% of total U.S. R&D in 2022. Basic research comprised 15% of tot...

• July 08, 2025
• ncses.nsf.gov/pubs/nsf25335

Data Tables | Data Tables (Individual)

Survey of Federal Funds for Research and Development 2023-2024 | Data Tables

Federal obligations for experimental development, by agency and performer: FY 2023

This set of data tables presents data on the research and development (R&D) outlays and obligations of federal agencies. Outlays are provided by agency for total R&D and total R&D plant. Obligations are provided for R&D by agency for type of work (basic research, applied research, and experimenta...

• March 19, 2025
• surveys/federal-funds-research-development/2023-2024

Analysis | InfoChart

U.S. R&D-to-GDP Ratio Reached 3.43% in 2022, Driven by Experimental Development

The ratio of U.S. research and development (R&D) to gross domestic product (GDP) reached 3.43% in 2022. An increase in the R&D-to-GDP ratio from 2010 to 2022 can primarily be attributed to experimental development, which comprised 67% of total U.S. R&D in 2022. Basic research comprised 15% of total

• July 08, 2025
• ncses.nsf.gov/pubs/nsf25335